Condition reference
PainCesarean section pain management
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WSAVA guideline
Guidelines for the Recognition, Assessment and Treatment of Pain
An opioid premedication (avoiding emetic agents like morphine) is recommended to reduce maternal stress and provide pre-emptive analgesia without adverse neonatal effects; propofol or alfaxalone is preferred for induction. A single postoperative NSAID dose is considered an acceptable analgesic once the patient is normovolemic and normotensive — agents linked to higher maternal/neonatal risk (xylazine, methoxyflurane) are avoided.
Monteiro BP, Lascelles BDX, Murrell J, Robertson S, Steagall PVM, Wright B. 2022 WSAVA guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of pain. J Small Anim Pract. 2023;64:177–254. Caesarean Section protocol PDF (wsava.org).
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